Atrophic Rhinitis & Homoeopathy

- It is chronic inflammatory disease which is characterised by progressive atrophy of the mucuos membrane and turbinates.
-It is associated with the foul smell eliminating from nose. Hence it is also called as "Ozaena".
-It often begins at puberty and may occur between the ages of 15 and 40 yrs.
- Coccobacillus of perez, Klebsiella and diptherenoid organism are present but they are supposed responsible for secondary infection.
- Atrophic changes may be occur due to wide space in the nose, which leads to drying of the mucous by strong blast of air in the nose.
- Pathological changes is characterised by atrophic changes of all parts of nose:
1. Mucosa and submucosa
2. Turbinates undergo atrophy producing a wide roomy nasal cavity.
3. Blood vesseles and nerves.
4. Olfactory nerves
- Clinical features includes
Foul smell
Anosmia
Dryness
Crusting
Epistaxis
Blocking of nose.
- The bridge of the nose is sometimes depressed due to atrophy of nasal septum.
- Mucosa of the nose is pale and atrophic.
- Sinusitis , Middle Ear infection, Atrophic pharyngitis and maggots may occur due complication of atrophic Rhinitis.
- In homoeopathy Arsenic , Hepar sulph, Kali bichrom, Pulsatilla, Sepia, sabadilla silicea should be given according to the symptoms.

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Common cold ( Coryza)

The common cold is one of the most common acute infection affecting the body. It can occur at all ages, both the sexes equally affected by it. Common cold is caused by virus & its spread occurs by direct contact or by airborne droplets. The virus may be rhinovirus, influenza virus or adenovirus. Secondary infection occurs by bacteria like streptococcus hemolyticus, pneumococcus, & staphylococcus.

Clinical features
Mainly there are 4 stages
A.) Ischaemic stage - after incubation of  1 to 3 days. In this burning in the nasopharynx, after that irritation and dryness in the nose, sneezing is also present.
B.) Hyperamic Stage:
In this stage rhinorrhoea becomes profuse. Blocking of the nose. The mucosa is hyperaemic. Anosmia , fever and headache may also present.
C. ) Stage of secondary infection - discharges becomes yellowish and greenish.
D.) Stage of resolution
It occurs in 5 to 10 days.

Secondary infection may spread and results in sinusitis,  acute otitis media,  pharyngitis,  laryngitis , bronchitis and pneumonia.

Anosmia & Homeopathy

-Anosmia means loss of sense of smell.
- It may results from any of the conditions that cause a stuffed up nose.
- Brain damage or head injury is also cause for it.
- During brain damage or head injuries there is chances of damage of olfactory nerves.
- Some drugs are like phenol when applied on nose is also responsible for loss of sense of smell.
- The nerve endings of the olfactory nerve are easily fatigued.
- Intracranial lesions likes abscess , tumours, & meningitis affecting the olfactory tracts and centres.